Otras lecturas: Cuidándonos - Una Guía para la Protección Colectiva de Defensoras y Defensores de Derechos Humanos en Áreas Rurales, Protection International, 2020
[1] Aura Lolita Chávez Ixcaquic is a member of the Council of K’iche’ Peoples for the Defense of Life, Mother Nature, Land and Territory (CPK). Marusia Lopez Cruz has worked on holistic feminist protection with Just Associates (JASS) and is currently co-director of the Iniciativa Mesoamericana de Mujeres Defensoras de Derechos Humanos (Mesoamerican Initiative of Women Human Rights Defenders). The authors thank the women of JASS-MESO and Miriam Miranda of OFRANEH for their contributions to this article.
[2] Para un amplio retrato de la destrucción causada por la minería en esta etapa, ver “La mina nos extermina”, Otros Mundos AC/Chiapas, 2013.
[3] For an analysis of the history and types of extractivism in the western hemisphere, see: Gudynas, Eduardo, Extractivismos: Ecología, economía y política de un modo de entender el desarrollo y la naturaleza, CLAES/CEDIB. 2015.
[4] President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in his morning press conference, Dec. 24, 2019
[5] “Statement of Ms. Victoria Tauli-Corpuz Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples to the Human Rights Council 42nd Session 2019”.
[6] JASS, “Protección Colectiva: Diálogo inter-regional y taller”, 15 –17 noviembre 2017, Johannesburgo, South África.
[7] Front Line Defenders, Global Analysis 2019.
[8] “Informe sobre la situación de las personas defensoras de derechos ambientales” 2019 CEMDA.
[9] See, for example, “Comunicado Urgente del CPK”
[10] Llamado a la Unidad del Pueblo Quiché
[11] Chávez Ixcaquic, Aura Lolita. Speech at UN Headquarters. New York. 2018
[12] We use equality here to mean the conditions and rights that all human beings should have for human development and to live lives free of all forms of discrimination.
[13] Miriam Miranda: “Quieren desaparecernos para adueñarse de nuestros territorios”, Alba Sud, Dec, 6, 2016.
[14] We use equality here to mean the conditions and rights that all human beings should have for human development and to live lives free of all forms of discrimination.
[15] Convention Num. 169 of the International Labor Organization on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989. Art. 13:2
[16] Abya Yala is the name given the American continents in the Guna Yala regions of Panama and Colombia before the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the Europeans. It means literally “land in full maturity” or “land of vital blood”. See (Spanish) “Mujeres indigenas, cuerpos y vida en común”
[17] Martinez Prado, Juan Carlos. “Indigenas de Michoacán en defensa de la madre tierra” Rebleión, Dec. 20, 2016.
[18] Velásquez, Irma Alicia, “The power of the white man and his symbols is being demystified”, Americas Program. July 21, 2020.
[19] IMD, “MEMORIA GRÁFICA--Encuentro Regional de Defensoras y Defensores de la tierra, territorio y medio ambiente”Ciudad de México, 2017.
[20] Barahona, Juan. As esinan a Berta Cáceres, líder hondureña contra la explotación medioambiental de las transnacionalesMarch 3, 2016.
[21] Chávez Ixcaquic, Aura Lolita, Mujeres Indígenas: Cuerpos, territorios y vida en común Asociaión para la Cooperación con el Sur (ACSUR) and Agencia Catalana de Cooperacio al desenvolupament. 2014.
[22] For more information on La Puya Resistance, see this video.
[23] Tomorrow’s Ancestors Speak, “Fighting For Life: Guatemalan Women Stand Up to Gold Mining”.
[24] JASS, “Ideas with Feet”, 2018.
[25] Chávez, Lolita. Ibid. "Feminista Siempre: Mujeres indigenas: cuerpos, territorios y vida en común", 2014
[26] Torrellas, Maria. "No nos han logrado exterminar los Estados que no ven con buenos ojos a los pueblos originarios". Entrevista con Lolita Chávez. Resumen Latinoamericano.
[27] Radio Progreso.
[28] Enebral, Virginia. "La lucha desde la identidad cultural es tremendamente revolucionaria: Interview with Miriam Miranda".
[29] Para más información sobre la importancia de los espacios seguros, see JASS, "Our Rights, Our Safety: Resources for Women Human Rights Defenders". 2017.
[30] For more information on the Sepur Zarco trial and related organizing, see: "Trial for Sexual Slavery During Armed Conflict Opens in Guatemala" by Luz Méndez
[31] Union Nacional de Mujeres Guatemaltecas, “Tejidos que lleva el alma”. P.351
[32] Ibid., P.381
[33] Network of Ancestral Healers of Community Feminism, Tzk’at, Communiqué, Sept. 8, 2016. “Desde nuestros territorios, en la red de la vida, saludamos los feminismos del mundo y exigimos respeto a nuestros saberes generados en comunidad, con aportes desde lo individual y colectivo, que no son propiedad privada de nadie!"
[34] JASS, “Protecting the River”, undated.
[35] Between 2013 and 2016, JASS coordinated the Course on Strategic Leadership for Indigenous and Rural Women, designed by activists from the seven Central American countries and Mexico involved in defense of territory and natural goods, and indigenous peoples’ and women’s rights. Through a process of Feminist Popular Education, the course contributed so the participants (many of whom had been the target of threats and attacks for their work) could recognize their own power and knowledge acquired from their experience as activists. They strengthened their leadership and their capacity to carry out analyses of context and of power relations that were then integrated into the defense of territories and the defense of women’s rights. The participants’ personal and collective experience. Confronting risk, fear and exhaustion and the impact of that on their organizations and communities, was dealt with in depth during the Alquimia course to help the women move toward collective leadership and sustainable individual participation. The experience of the regional course was adapted in 2018 in the Leadership School for indigenous and rural women defenders of territory in Honduras.
[36] Declaration of the Session on Women Human Rights Defenders World Summit 2018. Marusia López (JASS), Miriam Miranda (OFRANEH), Verónica Vidal (AWID), Cynthia Rothschild, Georgina Orellano (AMMAR), with contributions from all the participants in the Session.